Actualización en lesión renal aguda inducida por contraste en pediatría

Contexto: la lesión renal aguda inducida por contraste se ha convertido en un tema de gran interés en la comunidad médica a nivel mundial, siendo la tercera causa de lesión renal aguda adquirida en el hospital. Objetivo: el presente artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura con el fin de actualizar los conceptos de esta patología en el personal de la salud que está en contacto con la población pediátrica y que es sometida a procedimientos con medios de contraste. Metodología: en esta revisión narrativa de la literatura, presentamos la definición, los factores de riesgo, el enfoque clínico y las medidas preventivas de la nefropatía inducida por contraste en pediatría. Resultados: se define que hay un deterioro en la función renal aguda después de la administración del medio de contraste en donde se excluyen otras posibles etiologías y se establece una verdadera relación causal con la sustancia. Los factores de riesgo son múltiples, sin embargo, factores estrictamente relacionados en los niños no han sido establecidos en su totalidad. El abordaje de los pacientes que van a ser sometidos a estudios con medios de contraste inicia desde una historia clínica, un examen físico y unas medidas de laboratorio que permiten evaluar el estado basal de cada paciente para instaurar medidas preventivas. Por su parte, las estrategias de prevención de esta condición son múltiples, sin embargo, no existen guías basadas en la evidencia acerca de esta condición en el paciente pediátrico. Conclusiones: el artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre lesión renal aguda para actualizar los conceptos de esta patología en el personal de la salud que está en contacto con la población pediátrica que se somete a procedimientos con medios de contraste.

Context: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury has become a topic of great interest in the medical community worldwide, being the third cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury. Purpose: This article presents a review of the literature in order to update the concepts of this pathology in health personnel who are in contact with the pediatric population that undergoes procedures with contrast media. Methodology: In this narrative review of the literature, we present the definition, risk factors, clinical approach, and preventive measures of contrast-induced nephropathy in pediatrics. Results: It is defined as a deterioration in acute renal function after the administration of the contrast medium where other possible etiologies are excluded and a true causal relationship with the substance is established. The risk factors are multiple; nevertheless; Strictly related factors in children have not been fully established. The approach to patients who are going to undergo studies with contrast media begins with a clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory measurements that allow the baseline status of each patient to be evaluated in order to establish preventive measures. The prevention strategies of this condition are multiple; however, there are no evidence-based guidelines on this condition in pediatric patients. Conclusions: This article presents a review of the literature in order to update the concepts of acute kidney injury in health personnel who are in contact with the pediatric population that undergoes procedures with contrast media.

Consenso colombiano de expertos sobre recomendaciones informadas en la evidencia para la prevención, diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 en paciente pediátrico con enfermedad renal crónica o lesión renal aguda asociada a COVID-19 / Colombian consensus of experts on evidence-informed recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury associated with COVID-19

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Abstract Introduction: The numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric population are low so far. There is limited information about the behavior of SARS-CoV-2 in a pediatric patient with chronic kidney disease. Objective: To formulate informed recommendations to the prevention, diagnosis, and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients with kidney disease or acute kidney injury associated with COVID-19 in Colombia. Methodology: A rapid systematic review was performed in Embase and Pubmed databases and scientific societies, to answer questions prioritized by clinical experts in pediatric nephrology. The quality of the evidence was evaluated with validated tools according to the type of study. The preliminary recommendations were consulted by an expert group. The agreement was defined when approval was obtained from at least 70% of the experts consulted. Results: A response was obtained from ' 9 experts in pediatric nephrology in Colombia, who declared the conflict of interest before the consultation. The range of agreement for the recommendations ranged from 78.9% to '00%. The recommendations did not require a second consultation. Conclusion: The evidence-based recommendations for the management of a patient with kidney disease and COVID-19 in the Colombian context are presented.

Uso de rituximab en pacientes pediátricos con síndrome nefrótico córtico-resistente. Experiencia de un centro / Use of rituximab in pediatric patients with steroidresistant nephrotic syndrome. A single center study / Uso de rituximab em pacientes pediátricos com síndrome nefrótica córtico-resistente. Experiência de um centro

Introducción: los esteroides son el tratamiento de elección del síndrome nefrótico con tasas de éxito hasta del 90%. En pacientes que no responden adecuadamente a ellos, se han usado diferentes esquemas de inmunosupresión. Objetivo y métodos: describir la respuesta terapéutica en un grupo de siete niños con síndrome nefrótico córtico-dependiente (SNCD) o córtico-resistente (SNCR) que recibieron tratamiento con rituximab y micofenolato mofetil en un hospital universitario de la ciudad de Medellín durante los años 2010-2012. Resultados: dos pacientes tenían SNCD y cinco, SNCR; la mediana de edad en el momento del diagnóstico fue de 2 años (p25-75: 1-5); seis meses después de la aplicación del rituximab se encontró disminución de la proteinuria en el 93% de los pacientes; los esteroides se lograron suspender en el 100%; además, disminuyó el número de recaídas; sin embargo, la proteinuria reapareció un año después de dicho tratamiento. Conclusión: con el rituximab disminuyen la proteinuria y la dosis de esteroides, pero la enfermedad recurre 12 meses después de usarlo. Se sugiere hacer otro estudio evaluando el efecto de una segunda dosis de rituximab al año de la primera.

Introduction: Steroids are the cornerstone of therapy for nephrotic syndrome (NS) with a remission rate as high as 90%. In patients who do not respond to them or are steroid dependent, other immunosuppressive drugs have been used. Although rituximab use in NS is off-label, many authors have published their experience with it. Objective and methods: To describe retrospectively a group of seven children with nephrotic syndrome, either steroid-dependent (SDNS) or steroid- resistant (SRNS), treated with rituximab and mycophenolate, at Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital, in Medellín, Colombia. Results: Two patients with SDNS and five with SRNS were evaluated; median age at diagnosis was 2 years (p25-75: 1-5); six months after treatment with rituximab there was reduction in proteinuria (93%), in the steroid dose (100%) and in the relapse episodes. However, proteinuria reappeared 12 months after treatment. Conclusion: During the first year after rituximab treatment of NS there is reduction in proteinuria and in the steroid dose, but thereafter there is relapse. It is suggested to carry out another study using a second dose of rituximab one year after the first one.

Introdução: os esteroides são o tratamento de eleição da síndrome nefrótica com taxas de sucesso até da 90%. Em pacientes que não respondem adequadamente a eles, usaram-se diferentes esquemas de imunossupressão. Não está aprovado o uso do rituximab em pacientes com síndrome nefrótica, mas alguns grupos publicaram sua experiência com ele nesta doença. Objetivo e métodos: descrever a resposta terapêutica num grupo de sete meninos com síndrome nefrótica córtico-dependente (SNCD) ou córtico -resistente (SNCR) que receberam tratamento com rituximab e micofenolato mofetil num hospital universitário da cidade de Medellín durante os anos 2010-2012. Resultados: dois pacientes tinham SNCD e cinco, SNCR; a idade no momento do diagnóstico foi de 2 anos (p25-75: 1-5); seis meses depois da aplicação do rituximab se encontrou diminuição de 93% da proteinúria e de 100% na dose de prednisolona; ademais, diminuiu o número de recaídas; no entanto, a proteinúria reapareceu um ano depois de dito tratamento. Conclusão: com o rituximab diminuem a proteinúria e a dose de esteroides, mas a doença recorre 12 meses depois de usá-lo. Sugere-se fazer outro estudo avaliando o efeito de uma segunda dose de rituximab no ano seguinte da primeira dose.